基于多指标区间数关联分析的相对隶属度方法

针对具有区间数的多指标决策问题,借鉴一种逼近于理想点(TOPS IS)分析方法的思想,采用区间数灰色关联度的计算方法,对正、负关联度,利用相对隶属度方法对多方案进行排序,给出了解决区间数多指标决策问题的计算步骤.本文将整个评价方案看作一个整体来寻求正、负理想方案,该方法避免了区间数难以排序的问题,具有可理解性和可操作性.最后给出实例以验证该方法的有效性和实用性.     

洞庭湖滩地水文状况与杨树造林地选择的研究

根据洞庭湖主要水文站点多年观测资料,将汛期水位与时间的相关关系转变为滩地淹水时间与高程的数学模型。洞庭湖滩地根据不同高程汛期年均淹水时间变化规律,分为湖泊型和河道型两类。湖泊型滩地淹水时间与高程遵循指数函数y=a·ebx变化规律,河道型滩地在涨水初期、退水后期,淹水时间与高程为线性函数y=a+bx关系,在中、高高程地段又为指数函数关系。黑杨派南方型无性系在滩地上造林,其胸径、树高、材积生长均随滩地高程的降低、淹水时间的增加而降低。但随着林龄的增加,不同高程—淹水时间林地的生长差异有所减小,表明其抗水淹能力有所增强。在流动水的情况下,洞庭湖滩地年均淹水时间30d以内的,可建速生丰产林基地;年均淹水30～65d的,可造一般工业用材林、抑螺林、防浪护堤林等;年均淹水65d以上的,如不采取挖沟抬垄等工程措施,不宜用作杨树造林。     

美国白蛾寄生性天敌昆虫利用技术

首先调查寄生性天敌昆虫种类及生物学特性 ,其次在防治措施上力求保护天敌昆虫 ,并人工助迁或规模化繁育天敌昆虫用于生产防治 ,同时要合理配置植物群落 ,创造天敌昆虫生存与繁衍的有利条件 ,增强自然控制能力 ,达到可持续控制。     

采用固化剂缩短酚醛胶刨花板热压时间的研究

采用添加固化剂的方法，对降低酚醛树脂胶刨花板的热压时间进行了研究。通过筛选试验，选出了加速酚醛胶固化效果比较好的固化剂Ｎ，同时探讨了固化剂Ｎ的用量与酚醛树脂胶聚合时间之间的关系，进而确定了固化剂Ｎ的合适用量。试验结果表明，当固化剂用量为２％时，１６ｍｍ厚的酚醛树脂胶刨花板的热压时间可以从１４ｍｉｎ缩短到１０ｍｉｎ，热压时间缩短了２８．５７％。     

设施葡萄主栽品种需冷量测定及其应用研究

根据葡萄生物学特性，采用水浸枝蔓法和试区12年来晚秋稳定通过≤7．2℃气温的平均初始日期，测算出目前设施葡萄栽培中矢富罗莎等6个主栽品种的需冷量及相应的适宜扣棚升温时间。依据需冷量、果实生育期、果品品质3指标，筛选出了河西5市日光温室葡萄高效栽培的适栽品种5个，对设施葡萄大面积推广栽培具有较高的实用价值。     

加热法对石膏刨花板性能影响的研究

研究了加热温度和加压时间对石膏刨花板性能的影响。试验结果表明石膏固化时加适量的热量有助于提高石膏刨花板的性能;加热温度较高时石膏刨花板的性能比常温条件下压制的板的性能低。石膏固化时是吸热反应,石膏刨花板加压固化时,外加一定的热量有助于提高石膏的固化强度,因此板具有较好的物理力学性能。     

西洋百合“卢浮宫”的组培技术研究

以鳞片为外植体、MS为基本培养基,以不同激素成分及不同质量浓度水平下诱导西洋百合"卢浮宫"的小鳞茎状突起,进行组培试验。结果表明:"卢浮宫"百合的诱导以取其完整的鳞片为外植体、并以鳞片背部突起处紧贴于MS 6 BA2 0mg·L-1 NAA0 2mg·L-1的培养基上诱导效果为最好。"卢浮宫"百合的诱导是由外植体(鳞片)产生小鳞茎状突起而分化成苗的,并不经愈伤组织分化产生。筛选出的最佳继代增殖培养基为MS 6 BA0 7mg·L-1 IBA0 3mg·L-1,生根培养基为1 2MS 6 BA0 3mg·L-1 IBA0 7mg·L-1。移植基质选择河泥和珍珠岩(体积比7∶3)混合,成活率达98%。     

An analysis of a silvopastoral system for the marginal land in the Southeast United States

Almost 20 million acres of non-forest cropland in the South can be classified as marginal. Demand projections for forest products call for a 40 percent increase by year 2030. Recent regenerated tree acres lag behind harvested acres. Multiple land use practices combining trees and grazing adjust cash flows forward mitigating negative flow period associated with conventional forest production. Profit opportunities for private, non-industrial landowners can be increased by ranking inputs in order of changes to net present value(NPV). A sensitivity analysis of an agroforestry scenario, including trees, beef cattle, and pasture, allows producers to concentrate management efforts where returns are greatest. Model results show greatest returns to NPV was realized from improvement to Chip-N-Saw income. The least increase in NPV came when the cost of control burns was changed.     

Relationship between effective solar radiation and sap flow process during an entire growing season in Western Mountains of Beijing

In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized.     

基于表面建模技术的数控车床动态加工仿真模型研究

在充分考虑数控车床加工表面特征的基础上,对以往仿真模型的不足进行了分析,提出了基于螺旋曲面的加工表面模型。该模型充分考虑了数控程序中主轴转速和进给速率两个重要参数,并提出了数控车床动态加工过程仿真的时间驱动机制。